Build structural equation models with more accuracy than standard multivariate statistics models using intuitive drag-and-drop functionality. IBM® SPSS® Amos gives you the power to easily perform structural equation modeling (SEM). Using SEM, you can quickly create models to test hypotheses and confirm relationships.

• Amos Software Manual

Amos Software Manual

Subscription 1.0 and non-subscription 25.0 / August 8, 2017; 5 months ago ( 2017-08-08) Subscription and; Non-Subscription:, and 700, Collaboration & Deployment Website SPSS Statistics is a used for logical batched and non-batched. Long produced by, it was acquired by in 2009.

The current versions (2015) are officially named IBM SPSS Statistics. Companion products in the same family are used for survey authoring and deployment (IBM SPSS Data Collection, now divested under UNICOM Intelligence), , and collaboration and deployment (batch and automated scoring services). The software name originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS), reflecting the original market, although the software is now popular in other fields as well, including the and marketing. Contents. Overview SPSS is a widely used program for in. It is also used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing organizations, data miners, and others.

The original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970) has been described as one of 'sociology's most influential books' for allowing ordinary researchers to do their own statistical analysis. In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection, file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a dictionary was stored in the ) are features of the base software. Statistics included in the base software:.:, Descriptives, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics. Bivariate statistics:, (bivariate, partial, distances), tests, Bayesian. Prediction for numerical outcomes:. Prediction for identifying groups:, (two-step, ),.

Geo spatial analysis, simulation. R extension(GUI) The many features of SPSS Statistics are accessible via or can be programmed with a proprietary command syntax language. Command syntax programming has the benefits of reproducible output, simplifying repetitive tasks, and handling complex data manipulations and analyses. Additionally, some complex applications can only be programmed in syntax and are not accessible through the menu structure. The pull-down menu interface also generates command syntax: this can be displayed in the output, although the settings have to be changed to make the syntax visible to the user. They can also be pasted into a syntax file using the 'paste' button present in each menu.

Programs can be run interactively or unattended, using the supplied Production Job Facility. Additionally a 'macro' language can be used to write command language. A programmability extension can access the information in the data dictionary and data and dynamically build command syntax programs. The Python programmability extension, introduced in SPSS 14, replaced the less functional 'scripts' for most purposes, although SaxBasic remains available. In addition, the Python extension allows SPSS to run any of the statistics in the package.

From version 14 onwards, SPSS can be driven externally by a Python or a program using supplied 'plug-ins'. (From Version 20 onwards, these two scripting facilities, as well as many scripts, are included on the installation media and are normally installed by default.) SPSS Statistics places constraints on internal file structure, and matching files, which together considerably simplify programming. SPSS datasets have a two-dimensional table structure, where the rows typically represent cases (such as individuals or households) and the columns represent measurements (such as age, sex, or household income). Only two data types are defined: numeric and (or 'string').

All data processing occurs sequentially case-by-case through the file (dataset). Files can be matched one-to-one and one-to-many, but not many-to-many. In addition to that cases-by-variables structure and processing, there is a separate Matrix session where one can process data as matrices using matrix and linear algebra operations. The has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one of the two tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS Statistics window. The 'Data View' shows a view of the cases (rows) and variables (columns).

Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only contain numbers or text, and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Variable View' displays the metadata dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name, variable label, value label(s), print width, measurement type, and a variety of other characteristics. Cells in both views can be manually edited, defining the file structure and allowing data entry without using command syntax. This may be sufficient for small datasets. Larger datasets such as are more often created in software, or entered during, by scanning and using and software, or by direct capture from. These datasets are then read into SPSS. SPSS Statistics can read and write data from text files (including hierarchical files), other statistics packages, and.

SPSS Statistics can read and write to external via and. Statistical output is to a (.spv file, supporting ) for which, in addition to the in-package viewer, a stand-alone reader can be downloaded. The proprietary output can be exported to text or, PDF, Excel, and other formats.

Alternatively, output can be captured as data (using the OMS command), as text, tab-delimited text, SPSS dataset or a variety of graphic image formats (, and ). The SPSS logo used prior to the renaming in January 2010. SPSS Statistics Server is a version of SPSS Statistics with a client/server architecture. It had some features not available in the desktop version, such as. (Scoring functions are included in the desktop version from version 19.) Since March 2017, SPSS Statistics created a subscription based pricing option.

This allows users to use the software based on a $99/month fee. SPSS Statistics launched V25 on Aug 08, 2017. SPSS v25 adds new and advanced statistics, such as random effects solution results (GENLINMIXED), robust standard errors (GLM/UNIANOVA), and profile plots with error bars within the Advanced Statistics and Custom Tables add-on. V25 also includes new capabilities, a method of statistical inference and publication ready charts, such as powerful new charting capabilities, including new default templates and the ability to share with Microsoft Office applications. Lastly, v25 has a subscription model to buy, manage, download, update, and license SPSS Statistics.

Versions and ownership history The software was released in its first version in 1968 as the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) after being developed by, Dale H. Those principals incorporated as in 1975. Early versions of SPSS Statistics were designed for on, including for example and versions, originally using for input. A processing run read a command file of SPSS commands and either a raw input file of fixed format data with a single record type, or a 'getfile' of data saved by a previous run.

To save precious computer time an 'edit' run could be done to check command syntax without analysing the data. From version 10 (SPSS-X) in 1983, data files could contain multiple record types. SPSS Statistics versions 16.0 and later run under Windows, Mac, and Linux. The is written in. The Mac OS version is provided as a, making it fully compatible with both PowerPC and Intel-based Mac hardware. Prior to SPSS 16.0, different versions of SPSS were available for, and. The Windows version was updated more frequently and had more features than the versions for other.

SPSS Statistics version 13.0 for was not compatible with -based Macintosh computers, due to the causing errors in calculations. SPSS Statistics 15.0 for Windows needed a downloadable hotfix to be installed in order to be compatible with.

SPSS Inc announced on July 28, 2009 that it was being acquired by for US$1.2 billion. Because of a dispute about ownership of the name 'SPSS', between 2009 and 2010, the product was referred to as PASW (Predictive Analytics SoftWare). As of January 2010, it became 'SPSS: An IBM Company'. Complete transfer of business to IBM was done by October 1, 2010. By that date, SPSS: An IBM Company ceased to exist. IBM SPSS is now fully integrated into the IBM Corporation, and is one of the brands under IBM Software Group's Business Analytics Portfolio, together with, and.

SPSS Data Collection was acquired October 31, 2015 by UNICOM Systems, Inc., a division of, under the UNICOM Intelligence brand. See also. Notes.

Quintero, Dino; et al. SPSS Predictive Analytics. 18 July 2017.

Retrieved 15 December 2017. Sachdev, Ameet (September 27, 2009). Chicago Tribune. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2017. 31 October 2015.

Retrieved 7 June 2017. References. Argyrous, G. Statistics for Research: With a Guide to SPSS. London: SAGE. Bryman, Alan; Cramer, Duncan (2011). Quantitative Data Analysis with IBM SPSS 17, 18 and 19: A Guide for Social Scientists.

New York: Routledge. Levesque, R. SPSS Programming and Data Management: A Guide for SPSS and SAS Users (4th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: SPSS Inc. SPSS 15.0 Command Syntax Reference. Chicago, Illinois: SPSS Inc.

'Doing It Ourselves: The SPSS Manual as Sociology's Most Influential Recent Book'. In Clawson, Dan. Required Reading: Sociology's Most Influential Books.

External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Wikiversity has learning resources about.

– library of worked solutions for SPSS programmers (, command syntax; macros; scripts; Python). – SPSS active since 1996. Discusses programming, statistics and analysis. – Resources for learning SPSS.

– Report 1 compares Stata, SAS, and SPSS against R ( is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics). – Support for developers of applications using SPSS products, including materials and examples of the and R programmability features.

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